In the electric energy market: household consumers, public institutions, self-governments, state-owned companies and those low-voltage consumers whose total connection capacity concerning all their places of consumption does not exceed 3*63. In the free market all businesses have to have 3 contracts. Grid access contract: to be concluded with the grid licensee Grid usage contract: to be concluded with the grid licensee Energy sales contract: to be concluded with the trading firm or the universal service provider
The purchase price of electric energy. KÁT fee (in the case of certain agreements it is contained in No 1) Grid access fees VET (Electric Energy Act) fees Energy tax
The Hungarian electric energy system purchases electric energy from licensed sources which are classified as renewable primary sources of energy applying a special rate. This leads to additional expenses in the system, which need to be covered by every electric energy consumer proportionally.
Theoretically two because the grid licensee has to be paid for using the network while the trader is paid for the price of energy. However, it is also possible to include both items in one bill which has to be paid by the consumer to the trader. The trader then settles the payments with the grid licensee separately. This is called aggregate billing.
In the free market price is the result of an individual agreement. In the case of an agreement for a longer term, more exact contracted quantities and/or a favourable consumption profile lower prices can be reached. The role of precise planning is of utmost importance. In order to reduce the price all opportunities to refine schedules (monthly, weekly, daily, within a day) must be taken.
Those authorised customers who are supplied from the low-voltage network and do not have a meter suitable for recording the load line and remote reading and whose nominal access capacity concerning the consumption measured at the access point does not exceed 3 x 50 A or who purchase electricity for public lighting or any other lighting supplied and/or controlled from the public lighting network are eligible for profile-based accounts.
The profile based account is an option; it is not compulsory. Thus, upon request the distribution licensee is obliged to install a meter suitable for remote reading.
The basis for estimated billing is the Standard Annual Consumption which is determined by the distribution licensee on the basis of the consumption of the previous year. Thus, 1/12 of the Standard Annual Consumption is charged in the estimated bills. The billing of consumption over a given period is done upon reading the meters, based on values provided by the Distribution Licensee. The reading-based bill, whose amount is equal to the difference of the fees already charged in the estimated bills calculating with the individual contractual unit price and the fee calculated on the basis of the actual total measured consumption, is prepared on the basis of this. This also provides information of any quantitative differences.
Customers having meters suitable for quarter-hourly and remote reading are called customers with a chronological account. According to present practice if the nominal access capacity of a low voltage consumption site is higher than 3 x 80 A, we talk about a chronological account. (In the case of medium and high voltage consumption sites it is regardless of capacity.) Apart from this, chronological billing can also be requested under 3 x 80 A if the technical requirements are met.
For customers with a chronological account the trader issues a bill every month on the basis of their accumulated consumption, which is measured by quarter-hourly remote reading.
During the operation of all devices operating on the basis of the electromagnetic principle idle power occurs. The reason for that is a phase shift between the current and the electric tension. This cannot be utilised directly and it causes losses during transportation and transformation. Thus, it decreases the available transmission capacity of effective power. in the case of high voltage: 40% in the case of medium voltage: 30% in the case of low voltage: 25% Inductive idle energy not exceeding the values above is free of charge. Therefore, on the one hand, idle energy compensation results in economic advantages, since it reduces the amount of the electric energy bill. On the other hand, it also involves technical advantages because it allows the consumers’ available equipment and cables to access more and more powerful electric energy without investing in network development.
Billing idle electric energy:
In the event of using idle energy exceeding the limit value, one has to pay an extra fee.
In the case of capacitive idle electric energy one has to pay a fee for all the idle energy.
Those companies who have a contracted capacity at low voltage exceeding 3 x 80 A or purchase energy at medium or high voltage and request chronological accounts belong to the category of chronological accounts. The basis of chronological billing is a meter that shows and records loads and measures consumption data every quarter of an hour.
With the liberalisation of the electric energy market VET (Electric Energy Act) classified consumers into 2 categories: according to chronological and profile-based accounts.
